Milestones in computer development

n1951 A.D.:  Eckert & Mauchly build the first general-purpose computer, the UNIVAC I

n1958:  IBM introduces the 7090 series, first to use transistors

 n1975 A.D.:  The Altair, the first microcomputer, is introduced

                                                The Cray-1, the first supercomputer, is announced

                                            1981 A.D.:  IBM introduces its own PC

     n1984 A.D.:  Apple introduces the Macintosh

 

 

 

 

 

          

n1991 A.D.:  The internet is commercialized

n1994:  Netscape Navigator 1.0 is released; the WWW takes off

1995 A.D.:  Sun releases Java 1.0; object-oriented programming takes off

n1997 A.D.: UNO CS Department adopts Java as object-oriented language support

Milestone in computer development

n2000 B.C.:  Abacus first used in computation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

n1642 A.D.:  Blaise Pascal (French) creates a mechanical adding machine -- the “Pascalene” -- for tax computations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

n 1842 A.D.:  Charles Babbage designs analytical engine to perform calculations automatically; Ada, countess of Lovelace, programs this machine

n1890 A.D.:  Herman Hollerith designs census recording system that uses punched cards; starts a company that later becomes IBM

 n1939 A.D.:  John Atanasoff designs and builds first electronic digital computer (w/ graduate

student Clifford Berry); called the ABC

 n1946 A.D.:  J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly design and build the ENIAC; considered the first modern computer, used vacuum tubes

Fifth generation of computer

Fifth generations computers are only in the minds of advance research scientiets and being tested out in the laboratories. These computers will be under Artifical Intelligence(AI), They will be able to take commands in a audio visual way and carry out instructions. Many of the operations which requires low human intelligence will be perfomed by these computers.
Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibiliy that the power of many CPU's can be used side by side, and computers will be more powerful than thoes under central processing. Advances in Super Conductor technology will greatly improve the speed of information traffic. Future looks bright for the computers.

Fourth generation of computer

After the invention of the integrated circuit, the next step in the computer design process was to reduce the overall size.  Large scale integration (LSI) could fit hundreds of components onto one chip.  By the 1980's, very large scale integration (VLSI) squeezed hundreds of thousands of components onto a chip.  Ultra-large scale integration (ULSI) increased that number into the millions. It also increased their power, efficiency and reliability.  The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit one step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input and output controls) on a minute chip.

Third generation of computer

The explosion in the use of computers began with "third-generation" computers, making use of Jack St. Clair Kilby's independent inventing of the integrated circuit  

While the earliest microprocessor ICs literally contained only the processor, i.e. the central processing unit, of a computer, their progressive development naturally led to chips containing most or all of the internal electronic parts of a computer.

Second generation of computer

 The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the "second generation" of computers.

The first transistorised computer was built at the University of Manchester and was operational by 1953; a second version was completed there in April 1955.

Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer, indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space. Transistors greatly reduced computers' size, initial cost, and operating cost.

First generation computer

 In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable mechanical computer.
Limited finances and Babbage's inability to resist tinkering with the design meant that the device was never completed ; nevertheless his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888.

 The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers
The first generation of computer consists of vacuum tubes.

DATA AND INFORMATION

Data
Think of data as a "raw material" - it needs to be processed before it can be turned into something useful. Hence the need for "data processing". Data comes in many forms - numbers, words, symbols. Data relates to transactions, events and facts. On its own - it is not very useful.
example:1. Transaction value (e.g. £55.00)
             2. One subject term marks (English)
Information
Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it.
example: 1. Total transaction value of the month
              2. Total marks of the students in a classroom

What is computer????

A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem.

How ever the computer can do only certain tasks of operations..